The Principles Of Liberal Idealism And Realism

The Principles Of Liberal Idealism And Realism With the end goal of this paper, my conversations will be limited to the hypothesis of Realism and would think about my insight into the subject before the course, key gave raised, what I realized during the class and how it affected on my understanding, I would likewise examine what I did from that point with my insight into the theme regarding further exploration. I had quite recently the essential information about the idea of Realism before going to the previously mentioned class which is that force is of essential significance to the pragmatist. Additionally, in global relations, states are essentially propelled to get force and security in view of disorder on the world stage. The 1963 rendition of the film Lord of the flies which we viewed in a past class likewise went far to help my comprehension of the subjects of intensity and security in the pragmatist way of thinking. In the film Lord of the flies, components of authenticity were featured, there was a high respect for the estimations of national security and state endurance which was prominent in the character of jack who framed his own posse of trackers and professed to give security from the brute and nourishment for every one of the individuals who followed his authority. Additionally, the conviction that global relations are conflictual and that these contentions are at last settl ed by war. This can be connected to the character of Jack who had steady conflicts with Ralph of which he was consistently all set to war. I gained from the film that laws and rules are important to keep the darker side of human instinct under wraps. At the point when all components of human advancement vanished from the island, the young men return to a progressively crude piece of their inclination; savages and insurgency supplanted popular government. Over the span of the class, ten suppositions of the standards of authenticity were talked about dependent on Kegley (1995) who stated that individuals are evil and devilish ordinarily and the probability of disposing of the intuition for power is fairly idealistic. Key issues were raised and talked about from alternate points of view, however something exceptionally compelling to me was how force was seen by a portion of my companions as not simply the capacity to rule others or as a state having worldwide impact or military quality on the world stage and not even in money related terms. Influence was seen in thoughts also; a belief system is much more remarkable than cash or some other material thing. This is fascinating on the grounds that the pragmatist has this progressive system of intensity abilities and military quality is its most clear method of authorizing power, the pragmatist would consign thoughts to low governmental issues. This point was tested during the conversation by a kindred understudy who expressed that the pragmatist conviction of intensity overriding a belief system had changed after the Second World War and that philosophy had been set on an a lot more significant level than power. However, that was something very similar that was said in the stature of the virus war, the battle was a conflict of a philosophy and this conflict was fought through weapons, tanks and bombs. A decent inquiry raised was that are the weapons, tanks and bombs a necessary chore or would they say they are a methods in itself? In other words are these weapons supplementing a belief system? Or on the other hand will thoughts be crushed by firearms, tanks and bombs. By and by I think on the since a long time ago run, a belief system will endure any type of weapon since it is the lifestyle of a people however in the event that there is an uprising, weapons can be utilized to curb yet not really causing passings or more bedlam. Be that as it may, this was not the sit uation in China during the Tiananmen Square Massacre of June 1989, where understudies and educated people drove arrangement of exhibitions in and close Tiananmen Square in Beijing starting on 14 April, 1989. For over about a month and a half, a large number of understudies assembled at Tiananmen Square to challenge the administrations tyranny and called for monetary change and vote based change. The evening of June 4 1989, the Peoples Liberation Armys (PLA) tanks folded into the focal point of Beijing and murdered several understudies, erudite people, supporters and observers (Shirk, 2007). Another fascinating issue raised would one say one was generally excellent contention in the core of the virus war which is that would Washington penance New York so as to spare London? Implying that if there was an atomic assault, would Washington understand that our obligation is to spare our partner before we spare ourselves. In addressing this inquiry, a state thinks about its self and its advantages first, it must be computing, Washington will never forfeit New York to spare London or some other partner. Additionally with regards to control, a state has its enthusiasm on the most fundamental level; taking a gander at the China, United States, Taiwan relationship, America remained in there as a delegate power likewise placing into thought what its misfortunes would be on the off chance that it takes any impulsive choices, which shows that a state thinks about its advantages first and is continually computing. The US provoke China in spite of its steady human rights mishandles on the grounds that China is the large kid on the play area. Another issue talked about was that of national intrigue, the pragmatist characterizes national enthusiasm as the procurement of intensity (Kegley, 1995).We live in this climate of national intrigue. It was in the US national enthusiasm to attack Iraq and go into Afghanistan; I assume it was in the national enthusiasm to escape Iraq. A state needs to obtain power however much as could be expected on the off chance that not, another state would and this at that point turns into a danger. As indicated by Machiavelli, the central duty of states individuals is to progress and guard the national intrigue. For Machiavelli, if the state isn't solid, it will be a standing greeting for others to go after it (Donnelly, 2000). Toward the finish of the class, we concurred that force can't be destroyed rather; means and components to limit and control it ought to be set up. The class affected on my comprehension of the ideas and standards of authenticity to an enormous degree particularly the conversations on belief system of which I reasoned that everybody is allowed to have a philosophy, something they put stock in. Be that as it may, the inquiry remains: what do you do with your belief system? Is it utilized in a positive or negative manner? Pioneers since the Roman Empire have utilized philosophy to impart among the majority a typical awareness, to help defend or teardown political networks and to similarly vanquish or repulse elective belief systems. A philosophy can likewise be utilized to submit fear based oppression everywhere throughout the world for instance, Islamic fanatics or radicals and 9/11. Hybel (2009) contends that world entertainers for a considerable length of time have tried to engender a structure of importance through the world field that mirrored their own arrangement of convictions, thoughts and qualities which would adequately ensure and advance their material enthusiasm, accepting their framework to be better than all others and such they felt ethically obliged to spread it. Hybel states that extreme Islamism is driven by a similar arrangement of objectives. At the point when these overabundances of thoughts struggle or contend, war turns out to be practically inescapable. After the class, I did more research to help the information picked up, I applied the idea of the pragmatist mission for capacity to genuine circumstance in global relations and hypothetical methodologies coordinated with applied examinations on occasions. Incredible powers everywhere throughout the world are continually seeking impact, global rivalry between the United States, china, Russia, Europe, Iran, India and Japan raises dangers of local clashes. I had the option to comprehend why the United State was an eager superpower. Kagan (2008) contends that Americas specialized advances in weaponry far exceeded the remainder of the world and set the US in an exceptional classification of military superpower. As an issue of worldwide system, they have favored a dominance of capacity to a perceived leverage with different countries, demanding protecting and if conceivable expanding territorial prevalence in the Middle east, East Asia, The Western Hemisphere: up to this point Europe and Central Asia. As per Chomsky (2003), The United States has been seeking after a fantastic majestic procedure planned for marking out the globe. They are happy to overwhelm (as in the Cuban rockets Crisis) regardless of how high the stakes. The Bush organization in September 2002 reported its National Security technique which announced the option to fall back on power to take out any apparent test to US worldwide authority, which is to be perpetual. China is another (rising) superpower and a power to be dealt with on the world stage. Sixty years back, China was torn by residential clashes, attacked, helpless, disconnected and poor. Today, it is a monetary mammoth with its economy dashing to turn into the biggest on the planet and its military force developing consistently. No other country has moved quicker from shortcoming to quality (Kagan, 2008). Taking everything into account, the course opened my comprehension to a plenty of thoughts and ideas I heretofore had little information on and had the option to understand the connection between the hypothetical methodologies of universal relations and genuine circumstances present on the planet today just as to expertly dissect global occasions.

The Carol Web Portal (CWP) Project Planning Coursework

The Carol Web Portal (CWP) Project Planning - Coursework Example This venture report will give a diagram of the framework as it is seen and will examine different achievements of the CWP. The product is bound to be an online framework with a few autonomous modules to be actualized as and when required.  These modules incorporate Concert Management Module, Fan Club Module, Inventory Module, Order Management Module and Payroll System. As the framework is intended to be a finished online interface, accordingly, it must have following significant framework parts and servers. The CWP will utilize visual studio 2005 stage, the frontend will be created in ASP dotNet, business rationale will be actualized utilizing C Sharp and SQL Server 2005 will be utilized as backend database framework for the entryway. The CWP will be created to support numerous unanticipated conditions in different strides to react to possibility incorporate the accessibility of Uninterruptable Power Supply framework, reserve servers, framework upkeep hardware and staff and so forth. The CWP will be the finished answer for Carol the artist and it will completely digitize the earth, requests will be put on the web, framework created solicitations, completely incorporated email framework, staff finance framework is a portion of the significant sections of the gateway. These frameworks alongside different functionalities will offer some benefit to the framework clients and will assist with building up a paperless situation. Additionally, the reinforcements and calamity recuperation procedu res will guarantee brief framework and information recuperation. The CWP is required to help all exercises of the Carol Concerts, staff the executives, fan club the executives, email the board, request and receipt the executives and different exercises identified with pair Val and Tyne Card. The achievement of the framework relies upon its accessibility nonstop, utilitarian help for every single imperative activity featured in the prerequisite examination of the framework.

Resolving to Learn from Failure

Resolving to Learn from Failure I failed last year. A lot. I failed more times than I can count. No matter how often I fail, failure is always sharp and cuttingâ€"it never feels good. I made my first-ever New Year’s resolution at the beginning of 2011: I resolved to not purchase anything for an entire year. A lofty resolution. Two months after making my resolution, my thought process regarding buying stuff had changed significantly. At first, when I wanted to purchase an item, I would think, Hey, lookâ€"that thing looks cool. I think Ill buy it. But, eventually, I was forced to face the fact I couldn’t buy those things. And, by the end of the fourth month, something beautiful had happened: I no longer wanted to buy new things. My entire thought process regarding impulse consumption had changed. I had accidentally reprogrammed myself. My resolution was to prove I didn’t need to buy stuff for a year. But I learned I could actually change myself in the process. After four months, I no longer wanted to buy material items on impulse. The persistent desire to consume was gone. It wasâ€"and isâ€"a phenomenal feeling. And then, six months into the experiment, something unfortunate happened: I spilled tea all over my computer. It wouldnt power on. It was ruined. Thankfully, my first thought was not, I guess Ill go buy another computer. Instead, my first thought was, How can I live without this item? I went the next several weeks without a computer. I wrote essays longhand on yellow legal pads. I wrote fiction by hand, and it looked like the musings of a madman. I accessed the Internet at libraries, at friends’ housesâ€"anywhere except my tea-soaked Macbook. After a few weeks, Ryan offered to give me a new laptop for my 30th birthdayâ€"an offer I turned down because I felt it was cheating. So I soldiered on, computerless for several more weeks. Eventually I realized I was less productive without my computer. I was writing less, I wasn’t enjoying writing as much, and I didn’t feel as good about what I was writing. I realized I was depriving myself of an essential tool. For me, minimalism has never been about deprivation; rather, minimalism is about getting rid of life’s excess in favor of the essential. For me, a computer was essential, so I got a new one. And, throughout the rest of the year, I purchased a few other tools I needed as well. But I never returned to the impulse-driven consumption of my past. I was reprogrammed. And I will be forever changed by the experience of not buying stuff impulsively this year. I strongly recommend not buying anything for the next four monthsâ€"see what it does for your impulses. At the end of the day, my experiment was, by definition, a failure. But it was a beautiful failure that provided invaluable feedback and insight that I’m thankful for. This years resolution? Well, I dont have any goals, but I plan to continue to learn from my failures. If you find value in The Minimalists, consider donating a dollar.

Persuasive Speech Sunday School - 1470 Words

But, it would all be over soon, in mere hours in fact. By this evening everyone in town will have known how they’ve been duped, how they’ve wasted their time—their lives—worshiping these false gods. Then, everyone in will know†¦ know how they have given themselves to those who had enslaved them. â€Å"Phillip, could you try to look even remotely interested in what I have to say?† Mrs. Freinheit said as she stopped her lecture causing the entire class to focus their attention on him. â€Å"Next year, when you turn eighteen, Saturday school will be all over, all but a bad memory for you, and you can go and do whatever it is you like with your Saturday. Because Lord knows you won’t be spending it giving thanks to the volunteers for all they’ve done†¦show more content†¦Phillip also hurried with his things as he eyed, Kylee Fontaine, from across the room. He wanted to time his encounter with her just right, when there would be few prying ears around to pick up on what he had to say to her. So trying his best to remain invisible, he watched with subtle glances as she finished assembling her things, placing a book and her computer, along with a few writing materials into a small pack she eventually carried over her shoulder. Kylee then said goodbye to several of their fellow classmates as she made her way to the exit. Phillip hurried wanting to stay within steps of Kylee as she made her way from the front of the building, hoping to catch up with her before she’d gotten in her parents’ transport which was surely waiting out in the lot. Kylee made it the edge of the walkway and then stopped at the curb before checking the time on her watch. She then began glancing around the parking lot in search of her ride. Phillip also stopped and scanned around, but in search of unwanted classmates nearby. And after seeing none, he knew it had to be now; the time was perfect. He wasn’t going to ge t another chance. So, he crept up next to her from behind as quiet as a phantom. â€Å"Hey, Kylee,† he then said with a head nod that seemed innocent enough, and it had worked to catch her attention. Kylee sighed and rolled her eyes as if in disgust at the sight of him. â€Å"You looking forward to Saturday school finishing upShow MoreRelatedEssay about Persuasive Speech: The Benefits of Volunteering1127 Words   |  5 Pagesliving in poverty in our community that have significant needs that need to be addressed. a. According to the CDC, there has been a steady increase in preventable childhood diseases. b. Many of these children only get a full meal while having their school lunch, so many of these children go hungry the rest of the day. c. Test show that Standardized test scores for these children have also been decreasing. 2. 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Wars changed the landscape and people, African Americans were beginning to gain some basic human rights, and women were very slowly starting to gain equality with men. Women were now able to get jobs, but they were still not fully in control of their own bodies. There was a lot of (was much) controversy over topics such as pre-marital sexRead MoreBeing Called Into Ministry Is More To Me Than A Job, It1387 Words   |  6 Pagesthe eighties let him to that evangelical expository style preaching would reflect the infallible and inerrant word of God in a way that topical sermons today, may not be able to reflect. Many people today who visit the average church on a given Sunday are looking for a sermon that meets their interest, or perhaps their needs. We can like it or not, but that it what we as pastors are dealing with today. We can be preaching our heart out and throwing everything we have at this sermon, but if it’s Read MorePersuasive Speech : Problem Cause Solution1382 Words   |  6 PagesPersuasive Speech Outline Carolyn Strickland COMS 101—Section B08 September 28, 2015 Organization: Problem-Cause-Solution Audience analysis: The audience consists of three of the adult teachers, one male and two females, from my Sunday school class at Pleasant Hill Christian Church. Topic: The problem I aim to address is that of the lifelong scars that affect a victim of child sexual abuse; and how it hinders one from seeking God for healing and understanding according to Scripture. RhetoricalRead MoreJoyce Meyer Reflection1592 Words   |  7 Pageshappier each day, how to get along better with people and much more. Joyce’s primary purpose is to give out information, as the text states, but she does it in a good-humored way. It is easy to take away the topic of the message at the end of her speech because the topic is made clear and is brought out well using many different types of supporting evidence, and taking the consideration of the audience members into account. Listening to Mrs. Meyer is easy because she talks about herself and thatRead More Chapter Summaries of George Orwells Animal Farm Essays3865 Words   |  16 PagesEngland. He encourages them to gather in perfect unity and warns them to avoid the habits of men. CHAPTER 2 The second chapter commences with the peaceful death of Old Major. Although he is no longer physically present, Majors inspiring speech has brought about a changed outlook on life among the animals. They are convinced that an animal rebellion will take place in the unknown future and prepare for it psychologically. The work of organizing and teaching naturally falls upon theRead MoreThe East St. Louis Race Riots3170 Words   |  13 Pagesdevelopment of the The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, and from that, Rosa Parks did not give up her seat on the bus. The creation of the NAACP also influenced the Little Rock, Arkansas incident, Martin L. King’s â€Å"I Have a Dream† Speech, and many other things which eventually led to equal rights for everyone with the Civil Rights Act of 1964. This paper will explain the riots and how it shaped our government into providing equal jobs for all races. 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Furthermore, it represents the percentage of individuals here today who found the volunteer work they did beneficial. Many of you additionally stated that volunteering made you

The Colonies By 1763 A New Society Essay - 512 Words

The Colonies by 1763: A New Society nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the emergence of a society quite different from that in England. Changes in religion, economics, politics and social structure illustrate this Americanization of the transplanted Europeans. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;By 1763, although some colonies still maintained established churches, other colonies had accomplished a virtual revolution for religious toleration and separation of church and state. The Anglican Church was the only established denomination in England. In contrast, the colonies supported a great variety of churches.†¦show more content†¦For example, as directed by the Navigation laws, Virginia tobacco planters who played by the rules could only sell their products to England, even if other countries were offering a higher price. The Americans answer to this was to largely ignore the mercantile system and smuggle their products to other ports. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Building on English foundations of political liberty, the colonists extended the concepts of liberty and self-government far beyond those envisioned in the mother country. While Englishmen had some representation in their parliament, Americans took the system further. All colonies had some form of a two-house parliament system. Some, like New York, had governors appointed by the crown. Others, like Rhode Island, elected their own. Local government also varied between the colonies. The southern states had a strong County government, while the New England colonies relied on town-meeting government. In either case, voting was reserved to land-owning white men. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In contrast to the well-defined and hereditary classes of England, the colonies developed a fluid class structure that enabled industrious individuals to rise on the social ladder. America was truly the land of opportunity for the hardworking. While the English social ladder was set in stone, with land-owning lords in control, America had no such nobility. Most white Americans were farmers, but land-owning farmers. The largerShow MoreRelatedThe Colonies by 1763-a New Society?1674 Words   |  7 PagesThe Colonies by 1763-A New Society? Between the settlement at Jamestown in 1607 and the Treaty of Paris in 1763, the most important change that occurred in the colonies was the extension of British ideals far beyond the practice in England itself. The thirteen colonies throughout time all established themselves and soon developed their own identities. Colonies in different areas were known for different things and no one colony was like the other. These people began to see them selves as CaroliniansRead MoreCompare and Contrast Spanish and British Colonization Efforts in North America Prior to 1763.1475 Words   |  6 Pagesefforts in North America prior to 1763. Prior to 1763, both Spanish and British colonization efforts expanded into various regions of North America. In less than a century, from 1625 to 1700, the movements of peoples and goods from Europe to North America transformed the continent. Native Americans either resisted or accommodated the newcomers depending on the region of the colony. 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Both nations saw this territory as a necessity to increase its own power and wealth while simultaneously limiting the strength of its rival. Although, after the French and Indian War the British gained all of the French land in NorthRead MoreThe American Revolution : The United States1517 Words   |  7 PagesAlthough many events led up to the American Revolution, I believe the results from the French and Indian War, all the acts the King issued to raise taxes, and the conflicts that resulted from these acts were the key factors in leading the thirteen colonies to become independent. The French and Indian War began with small battles or conflicts between the French and the British. Both empires wanted more control over North America during the late 1600s, and they were willing to fight for it. This conflictRead MoreCauses Of The American Revolution1008 Words   |  5 PagesAmerican colonies, the colonists declared their independence and sparked a revolution. By the late 1600s, England pushed to strengthen their control over the existing American colonies by enforcing mercantilism and converting the colonies into the royal colonies. As a result, worry up rises in the New England colonists over the idea of losing religious freedoms by becoming a royal colony. However, the Glorious Revolution halted that fear. Although, New England did become a royal colony, their religiousRead MoreThe Causes of the Seven Years War1814 Words   |  7 Pagessense were disputed in the American colonies. It marked a crucial point in the creation of the United States and in defining the territorial identity of the country. Causes of the Seven Years War There are numerous causes that can be stated to justify the war and discussions over the causes of the war have been vast (Ropes, 1889). Two of the most important however focus on the historical background on the one hand and the geopolitical control over colonies on the other hand (Evera n.d) . The

Red Box Free Essays

A. Case Overview Redbox is a wholly-owned subsidiary by Coinstar, Inc. For only $1 per night it offers movie rentals. We will write a custom essay sample on Red Box or any similar topic only for you Order Now The first kiosks were located at McDonald’s. On 31 March, 2010, the total number of installed Redbox and DVDCpress Kiosks was 24,800. Redbox’s main strategy is to have kiosks that contain mostly new releases of movies on DVDs in shopping areas that are visited a lot. The rental fee is cheap, only $1 per night and the whole order and return process is fast, simple and easy for the customer. With its many kiosks, Redbox built a strong brand reputation. B. Analysis The SWOT analysis shows that Redbox’s strengths are its brand recognition and financial power, with being successful it can add more kiosks at good locations. It has built relationships with the chain retailers of its parent company Coinstar, Inc. and it offers value by offering very affordable movie rentals to customers. Redbox’s weakness is that it offers no online delivery yet. Its opportunities are expansion to other underserved and very good areas in the US, Puerto Rico, and UK. It can also further its expansion internationally. There is lots of existing and potential revenue growth at existing kiosks. Redbox has the strength to attract customers away from other competitors like Blockbuster. Redbox’s threats are services like Netflix that offer movie streaming online, companies that offer internet delivery of movies, Blockbuster building new kiosks and movie theaters when people are tired of watching movies at home. Redbox has lots of potential for further growth in revenue and popularity. It has to pay attention to shifts in customer’s preferences on how to watch a movie and adapt to changes. Porter’s Five Forces show that competition from rivals is strong, especially Blockbuster and Netflix. There is no product differentiation in movies. The threat of new entrants is weak because in order to compete with Redbox, it requires a lot of capital and building same good relationships to suppliers (movie production companies) as Redbox already has. The movie as a product can be easily substituted and people can buy instead of rent or watch something online. The buyers’ bargaining power is modest because buyers can either rent or buy or watch online and the switching costs are low. C. Recommendations Redbox should not miss the chance on expanding internationally. With its cheap movie rentals, it can attract customers from all classes in all countries and not be affected by economic crisis so strongly. It should also continue to do research on where to locate more kiosks and it should think about offering internet movie rentals. Also, it should continue to build and nurture good relationships with its suppliers. How to cite Red Box, Papers

Operations Management and Manufacturing Process Semi-Finished Product

Question: Describe about the Operations Management and Manufacturing Process for Semi-Finished Products. Answer: Introduction The process of converting raw material or semi-finished products into final or finished products using labour, machinery and other important resources is known as manufacturing. The process of manufacturing is carried out by every business organisation so that it can fulfil the demands of the customers (BusinessDictionary.com, 2016). Every business organisation in this world, whether operating in service sector or in a production sector, has to manufacture products or services either themselves or by outsourcing it from a third party. Manufacturing is the process that is essential for the stability and robustness of an economy. It not only strengthens an economy but also facilitates the flow of money and other resources within an economy (Makingitincalifornia.com, 2016). Every company in the world has a design for its manufacturing process or providing its services. A manufacturing design process allows the companies to streamline their operations, reduce their operational costs, allocate adequate and proper resources, increase the overall efficiency and ensure that the final products meet the quality standards. The design of the manufacturing process for a firm can vary from industry to industry, firm to firm and can also vary according to the products that the company produces. Clothing Industry Clothing or garment industry is one of the biggest industries in the world. It contributes significantly towards the economies of various countries. The clothing or the garment industry comprises of production of clothing and garments, fashion industry, fashion retailers and trading of second-hand clothes and textile recycling. Though the ready-made garment industry has been highly criticised by some people for the use of sweatshops, child labour, piece work, etc. but it still remains a fact that we need clothes to wear and this industry cannot die ever. ABC Company is one of the biggest clothing multinational companies that has its working operations in two countries but has retail outlets in almost 28 countries. Famous for its designer and trendy clothes, the company was started in 1976 in France. The company has since then achieved success due to its ability to start up new trends and respond to the market demand quickly. The company has such a streamlined manufacturing process that it takes the company 7 days to 2 weeks to design a new garment and make it available on the shelves of all its stores. Thus, by managing its operations properly and using a very efficient supply chain system, the company has been able to gain competencies in the market and maintain it in the long run. Factors Effecting Manufacturing Process Design Clothing industry is an industry where the process of manufacturing has to be highly streamlined and without any errors as garments with defects is wastage and a burden on the finances of the company. In case of ABC Company, the manufacturing process has to be even more efficient as it carries out its manufacturing operations in two countries alone whereas the final products are to be shipped to almost 28 countries. Therefore, the manufacturing process should be highly accurate, streamlined and has to be designed according to the variables that affect the company and the industry. Let us now discuss some important variables that have been shaping the manufacturing process design of the company since its very beginning: Nature Of The Business/Industry Clothing industry is an industry which experiences very high competition at a global level. Customer these days have the choice of purchasing garments and clothes right from their smartphones, which gives them a million products and brands to choose from. In such a scenario, it was crucial for the company to build a brand and reputation for itself. The companys manufacturing process design reflects the nature of the business or the industry and also reflects the mind-set of the company, which was to build a reputation and brand image in the market by maintaining high quality of products. The company has restricted all the manufacturing process within its headquarters i.e. in-house manufacturing. Keeping all the production process within the house makes it possible for the brand to maintain quality standards as it can keep a closer check on the process. Outsourcing the manufacturing process can make it difficult for the company to ensure quality of gar ments. The company has designed its process in such a way that it can keep a closer look and make necessary changes in the required time. Frequent Changes In Market Trends one of the main features of the garment industry is that it experiences frequent changes in market trends and designs. The change in clothing and garment trends can be experienced in real time and companies manufacturing clothing articles in millions can become vulnerable to such market factors. If a company produces excess quantities of garments, a quick change in the clothing trend can outdate those million articles and can incur huge loss for the company. ABC Company has designed its manufacturing process in such a way that it manufactures articles in a very controlled manner. It operates five days a week and does not operate at its full capacity. It keeps its maximum work capacity for seasonal times or periods when the demand as at its peak levels. The company has established such an efficient system of supply chain management that it takes a maximum of two weeks for the company to makes its new products available on the shelves of all its store s. Thus, the company manages to keep its operations lean and manufacture articles only in the quantity required by various stores. The quantities of garments shipped to the showrooms are according to the orders placed by the store managers. The store managers are given the responsibility of placing orders for new articles and for the articles that are out of stock. Once the order is placed with the company, the company dispatches the order within one or two days so that the order reached the outlet as soon as possible. As discussed above, the company restricts all the manufacturing processes within the house itself. It allows the company to respond to change in market trends and any change that is experienced in dressing styles, trends, etc. The company produces clothes in a very controlled manner and as and when it experiences a change in the dressing preferences of people, it makes a quick change in the manufacturing process and introduces new designs in the market as soon as possible. Market And Consumer Demand the company has designed its manufacturing process in such a way that it has controlled the demand of the consumers in the market. The retail outlets experiences a high foot fall and the purchases made in the retail stores are very high as compared to other competitive brands. The reason behind this has been that the company manufactures a limited quantity of its stock. When the stock in the stores is very limited, the customer has to make a quick decision as the product might not be available on the next day if they come back to make a purchase. Further, the stock is produced in such a limited quantity that a customer might not find a month old product anywhere in the country as new stock is updated in the stores on a weekly basis. The company is aware that the demand for trendy and designer clothes is always high and by designing its manufacturing process in a very efficient manner, the company has been able to maintain quality and uniqueness of products , which ultimately increases the demand for the products of the company. Economic Factors another major factor behind the success of the company has been its ability to control the prices of its premium products through its manufacturing processes. The companys design of manufacturing process allows it to reduce the operational costs to a considerable extent and bring down the prices of its products. Where the rival products cost around 300-400$, the same products from ABC Company cost around 150-200$. The management of the company is aware about the fact that even during economic boom periods, people have a lot of money at their disposal and they buy more clothing products. On the other hand, the periods of economic downturns slow down the sales as people do not spend much on clothes. Thus, the company uses a manufacturing process that helps it in reducing the operational and manufacturing costs. The end result is that the prices of end products are cheaper than the competitive products even while the quality is high. In this way, the company manages to avoid putting up excess sales as the products are already available at competitive products and even when the company puts up a seasonal sale in all its stores, the response is tremendous (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). Technological Factors the technology and the resources available to a company can also have a great effect on the manufacturing process design. If all the resources and machinery is easily available at single place, the manufacturing process becomes easier whereas if the resources or machinery is separately distributes, the manufacturing process design becomes more complicated and lengthy. For most of the companies out there, the flowchart is to first design, then forecast followed by outsourcing bulk production and logistics. ABC Company has its own way of designing things (Smallbusiness.chron.com, 2016). At ABC Company, the management believes that it is the design that matters and the rest can be easily done. The company has located all its resources, machinery and technology at a single place i.e. the clothes are designed, manufactures and shipped from the same facilities (Anon, 2016). The manufacturing process design of the company makes it a trend setter rather than being a co mpany which follows the trends set up by superior companies. Geographical Factors for a company that is into clothing industry and has to serve 28 countries by manufacturing products only from two countries, it takes a lot of efforts to design the manufacturing processes. It is obvious that the consumer demands and needs would not all be the same in all the countries and may vary according to the geographic factors and weather conditions, for example, consumers living in Canada would demand warmer clothes as compare to people living in India. Therefore, the company has to incorporate geographical factors when it designs its manufacturing processes. The designers of the company design separate garments for different countries, depending upon the climatic conditions and consumer requirements of that place. These products are then manufactured and then shipped to the countries for which they are manufactured. These are mainly those products which are to be used in cold weather, such as warmers, jackets, sweatshirts, etc. whereas other garments, such as denims, shirts, t-shirts, shorts, trousers, blazers, etc. are all similar for all the countries. Thus, the geographical factors of the countries also play a huge role in the manufacturing process design of the company. Lean Principles And Operations Managament Operations management is the process of administration of business operations and practices that aims at minimising the operational costs and achieving the highest level efficiency that can be possible for an organisation (Investopedia, 2010). The main objective of operations management is to convert all the resources into goods and services in the most efficient manner possible so that the organisation can maximise its profit. Lean principles are also a concept in the operations management which means to create more value for the customers using as few resources as possible (Lean.org, 2016). Today, the business environment has become highly competitive and the organisations are now competing with each other at a global scale. In such a scenario, operations management plays a huge role in how the organisations achieve market competencies by implementing lean principles. In the above presented case, ABC Company has definitely used operations management and lean principles to achieve such a competitive edge in the global clothing industry. The company has efficiently identified the factors that add value to the products which it offers to its consumers. Let us now discuss some of the factors that have helped the company in adding value to the products and ultimately increasing the overall efficiency and decreasing the operational costs: Just-in-time production strategy the company follows just-in-time production strategy which enables it to reduce a lot of its operational costs. The company produces only a certain percentage of its stock before the start of a season while it manufactures at its full capacity during the season itself. Such a production strategy allows the company to keep its maximum manufacturing potential saved for the periods of peak demands and also allows it to respond to the changing market situation in a better way. In-house production another important strategy in the production design of the company has been to keep all the production process within its headquarters. The company has kept all its designers, production facilities, manufacturing units, storing warehouses in one place. Such a strategy streamlines the operations and makes it easier for the company to design, manufacture and ship products much quicker than most of the rivals. In most of the companies, the designers first design a new garment or cloth and then they send that design to the headquarters, which might be hundreds of miles away, for the approval of the management. If the management approves it then the design goes for production whereas if the management needs some changes in the design, the designers have to go through the same process all over again. The centralized system of design and production helps the company in streamlining its operations and implementing lean production in the organisation. Where other companie s manufacture garments in bulk quantities and cannot alter a design or units throughout a season, ABC Company is able to make real time changes in its designs and quantities even during seasonal demands. All this has been made possible only because of the operations management of the company. The company can restock its stores with clothing articles within two weeks, which proves its efficiency in manufacturing products and supply chain management. Further, by restricting all the manufacturing process within the headquarters, the company has been able to ensure higher quality products while the operational cost also decreases because all the operations being carried out in the same place (Study), 2016). Excellent scheduling the managers at each retail store of the company are allowed to place an order with the headquarters once every weak. Once the headquarters receive the order placed by the store manager, the order is prepared ad ready to be shipped within 24 hours. Once the stores receive the orders that they have placed, the stock is immediately put up on the display on the same day itself. The pace at which all the process is completed is kept steady and provides as an excellent factor for achieving market competencies (Study, 2016). Manufacturing in small and controlled quantities ABC Company has adopted an excellent strategy of producing orders or articles in small quantities. Manufacturing the articles in small and controlled quantities allows the company to maintain exclusivity of their articles and the customer has to make a very quick buying decision as the products are in limited quantity and can go out of stock at any time. Further, small quantities ensure that there is new stock coming up on weekly or monthly basis. Thus, the customers regularly visit the retail outlets of the company to check out their new stock and buy exclusive products. The strategy to manufacture articles in very small quantities also allows the company to first of all check the response of the consumers towards a new product. If the response is good, the company can manufacture those articles in a greater quantity while the articles which do not receive good response can be discontinued quickly to avoid financial losses or losses to the brand image (Study, 2016). Conclusion Thus, the company has been able to implement lean operations on the organisation very effectively and design its manufacturing process according to the variables that have the maximum impact on the companies operating in garment or clothing industry. The strategies adopted by the company reflect their mind set of streamlining all their operations in the best possible manner. Due to the ability of the company to streamline its operations and implement lean operations in the organisation, it has been able to maximise its efficiency in all the operations and reduce their operating costs. Such factors have also helped the company in bringing down the final prices of their products and giving a neck to neck competition to some of the top brands in the world in terms of prices, quality and exclusivity of the products. Where most of the companies in the world are struggling for their survival, ABC Company has established its success on the basis of its ability to manage their operations in the best possible manner so that the efficiency can be optimised and operating costs can be reduced to the minimum possible levels while ensuring high quality of products and greater customer satisfaction. References Buljubasic, T. (2016). Process Innovation Zara Innovation Excellence. [online] Innovationexcellence.com. Available at: https://innovationexcellence.com/blog/2013/11/18/process-innovation-zara/ [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Anon, (2016). How does Zara manufacture clothes so fast?. [online] Available at: https://www.quora.com/How-does-Zara-manufacture-clothes-so-fast [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. The Leadership Network. (2015). How Zara used Lean to become the largest fashion retailer. [online] Available at: https://theleadershipnetwork.com/article/lean-manufacturing/zara-lean [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Lu, C. (2016). Zara's secret to retail success - its supply chain. [online] Tradegecko.com. Available at: https://www.tradegecko.com/blog/zara-supply-chain-its-secret-to-retail-success [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Investopedia. (2010). Operations Management Definition | Investopedia. [online] Available at: https://www.investopedia.com/terms/o/operations-management.asp [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Lean.org. (2016). Principles of Lean. [online] Available at: https://www.lean.org/WhatsLean/Principles.cfm [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Study), 7. (2016). 7 Rules of Fashion Supply Chain (Zara Case Study). [online] Supplychainopz.com. Available at: https://www.supplychainopz.com/2013/09/7-rules-fashion-supply-chain-management.html [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Makingitincalifornia.com. (2016). The Importance of Manufacturing - Centers for Applied Competitive Technologies. [online] Available at: https://makingitincalifornia.com/manufacturing_importance.php [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. Smallbusiness.chron.com. (2016). The Macroenvironmental Factors Affecting the Clothing Industry. [online] Available at: https://smallbusiness.chron.com/macroenvironmental-factors-affecting-clothing-industry-37254.html [Accessed 31 Jul. 2016]. BusinessDictionary.com. (2016). What is manufacturing? definition and meaning. [online] Available at: https://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/manufacturing.html [Accessed 30 Jul. 2016].

A Google Executive Shares Her Best Advice for Young People

A Google Executive Shares Her Best Advice for Young People Ivy Ross is a tech executive heading up Google’s top-secret wearables division, but she didn’t follow what you might consider a traditional path to get there. She’s been a jewelry designer, with her work appearing in some of the world’s best museums, and she has worked at multiple companies- including both Mattel and Gap Inc.  When she gave a recent Commencement Address at FIT (the Fashion Institute of Technology), Ross explained how it was because of and not in spite of her unorthodox career path that she gained the success and fulfillment she currently enjoys.Here is her best advice for young people  just starting out.Ignore Your EgoAfter Ross’s jewelry designs hit their 12th  major museum and she’d won the De Beers Diamonds International Award, Ross realized her heart just wasn’t in it like it used to be. She’d worked so hard to achieve the kind of recognition she was receiving, but now that she’d attained the hi ghest heights- accomplishments any designer would spend an entire lifetime working towards- she had nowhere else to push herself.Having her ego’s biggest desires met helped Ross to let go of those desires to try and see what other desires lay beneath them. And she found she gained a lot more satisfaction turning her talents to team work and the joy of creating things collaboratively with others.Stop Planning Too Far OutPlans are always necessary in some form or another. But the ubiquitous 5-year plan that everyone insists upon? Ross says ditch it. Could she possibly have predicted 5 years ago, for example, that she’d be spearheading a secret Google project? Of course not. Would she have been too restricted to try had she laid out a stringent 5-year plan in another field? Probably not- and that’s her point.Ross thinks 5-year plans are the way of the past, particularly given the rapid pace at which industries and technologies are changing and how often new opportu nities present themselves. Staying open to different possibilities is difficult, but doing so can shape the most rewarding careers.Appreciate the  Here and NowRoss maintains that following the â€Å"ideal career path† won’t necessarily get you where you want to go. Don’t  take jobs with the question, â€Å"Where will this get me?† in mind. Try asking instead, â€Å"What can I learn here?† or â€Å"Can I do what I do best in this environment?†Take your eye off the end game and ignore the destination. Figure out who you are an what you’re good at, and just follow your heart.

Homosexuality, Religion and Atheism

Homosexuality, Religion and Atheism Introduction Homosexuality draws mixed reaction from across the globe. Issues like cultural values, religious context, atheism, political stability, and economic empowerment of the people in a particular setting would play a pivotal role in accepting this sexual orientation. These factors determine homosexual acceptability in the society, although other forces would have a significant role in the determination of its acceptance.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality, Religion and Atheism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This topic is common in most popular cultural setting although there is little literature work on the same to dissect adverse opinion and ways of embracing diverse opinion on the same. In this context, the conservatives draw their arguments from religious teachings whereas the atheists or the liberals embrace the need to have a society of diverse cultural orientation. The debate experiences op posing views from philosophers, most of whom are Christian and Muslims. These conclusions come from their spiritual perspective and thus do not clearly stipulate the desire to accommodate diverse religious inclinations on the same ground. Literature review A decade ago religion was the most important predictor in defining the attitude of homosexuality in the society, Adamczyk and Pitt (2009) bring an elaborate diverse opinion on the debate. They believe that acceptance of homosexuality depends on the existing laws that regulate the same sex marriages, possible penalties when viewed as social misfit, and diversity in national or cultural orientation. This last aspect shows the importance of religion in explaining the attitude on the debate. In fact, macro and micro support survival and personal beliefs that carry weight in defining the attitudes of homosexuality (Olson et al., 2006; Yip, 2005). It is from this context that one draws the importance of opinion as the best alternative i n formulating law, shaping the direction of cultural inclination and thus religion. Homosexuality, in respect to religion, is unnatural in the eyes of the Supreme Being; the same philosophy holds this as an impure act. The fear of divine punishment shapes the cultural orientation concerning the direction of a community. Deep rooted-ness to religion would draw disapproval attitudes as opposed to those not deeply rooted in a religion. Muslims are the worse in making such opinions concerning the debate; they have a strong disapproval attitude, unlike members from other religions. This holds true to the cultural orientation in which atheists from this background would disapprove strongly homosexuality than atheists from other cultural background (Adamczyk Pitt, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some perception on gays and lesbians evoke different judgments, the survey by Norris (2008), came up with assertion that conservatives were the most judgmental on the perception that sought to allow these people freely mingle with others in the church. This supports several opinions, from this work, some people do not find any reason for branding an individual in that state of action. For instance, when one asserts that there are lesbians, rapists, and gays in the church and that they are decent people, though, living in sin, conservatives do not acknowledge the act of niceness as being polite yet rude to social context. Acknowledgement of homosexuality as impure and dirty is the most vocal opposition from such community. Moral judgment from the liberal and the conservatives are under the influence of different forces in the societal context. This is largely because of their different daily life orientation. While liberals’ demands for openness, inclusivity, and diversity that do not seek to harm any person in the society, counterparts view this as uncouth and punishable by law. The findings from this work elicit different views of liberals and the conservatives on this topic. The conservatives do not imagine how such acts could go free in the society by drawing their argument from their spiritual orientation in Supreme Being. They also believe that it represents cultural decay in the society in which punishments must take place to restore sanity, although they also offer room for repent in case of reform. These opinions are the fundamental framework of enacting laws. Depending on the majority, their way shall take centre stage and dictate the acceptable. This will automatically lock out different views from various groups with diverse sexual orientation in the community (Norris, 2008). According to Edgell et al. (2006), atheists face strong resistance from across corners of the world. The debate in this work is whether the act of the same sex marriage and other related sexual orientation is acceptable in the society or not. Findings from this work show that their acceptance in the community becomes questionable in different perspectives.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality, Religion and Atheism specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is therefore, true to assert that these finding support multiple views on the debate. The gap that exists between the believers and the nonbelievers defines the extent of this acceptance. If there is deep concern of community, some perception on their sexual inclination would define the root of acceptance. In this context atheist, unlike other religious orientations do not easily gain acceptance, either in public, or private domain. This distrust gets its drive from religion prediction factors, social location, and extensive values of orientation. From this context, it is clear that although there is extensive acceptance of various religious contexts, the same does not happen with nonreligious groupi ng. This study, however; goes an extra mile in helping to describe that increasing acceptance of various cultural inclinations and sexual orientation does extend to the levels of known religion. The study’s findings on the role of religion and believes provide sound moral guidance for any membership in cultural acceptance. Clinging onto the religion allows and gives on a better position of acceptance in the societal domain as opposed to lack of religion (Edgell et al., 2006). The attitude plays a significant role in young men and their religious perception in homosexuality. Besen and Zicklin (2007), explore the variations of attitudes on people clinging to same sexual marriages from the complexity of religious definitions, mainly in the young people and how these could support or put to jeopardy on the rights of gays. This research supports multiple views on the perception of gays in the societal context. Its findings show that young men do not have particular attitudes about the homosexuals, but their counterparts in religions do, these varied perception emanates from religious inclination. However, one notable difference in the youth is the varied attitudes on gender, whereas young male showed significant concern and attitude toward the homosexuality, their female counterparts show little concern.Advertising Looking for essay on gender studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The latter seems to support a diverse cultural perspective. Although the data obtained in this research had multiple study sites, for instance whereas in the military more young men showed their support for and positive attitudes toward these sexual orientation multiple views emerge from without this context. The role of religion is playing a significant role in shaping the youth in taking a certain sexual step, more so it defines the virtues and values for accepting and developing a positive attitude of a given sexual orientation. It is from this perspective that the youth find it hard to go against the norms and virtues of religion in doing contrary to their teaching of sexual orientation. The unsupportive trends by religious group are the basis upon which the youth find solutions and directions of denouncing the homosexuals. This is true because many of them cling to religions that have positive attitudes on the act (Besen Zicklin, 2007). In his work on understanding the differe nt views of homosexuality debate, Sprigg (2011), notes that many people do not consider two important views in an effort of understanding same sexual marriage. The first paradigm shift is the identification of gay identity. This shift is under several believes it states well that when one is born a gay, it makes it hard to change the state; it also states that gays have fewer options of becoming heterosexual. This paradigm also defines sexual orientation as innate feature by likening it to races, it goes ahead to assert that the act is not different from being straight. Finally, the shift stands firm that there is no harm in one adopting gay. The second view defines the practical aspect of sexual orientation. Unlike what many people perceive, this work shows the importance of going out of the cocoons that enslave many conservatives who believes that sexual orientation is purely a unitary phenomenon. The study shows that sexual structure is a three thing affair; this comes from attra ction, conduct, and self identity (Sprigg, 2011). One may get attraction to people of the same sexual orientation, opposite sex, or both. The second part gives liberty of choosing the type of conduct one gets attracted, while the last segment seeks to draw the attention of one’s thought as straight, gay, bisexual, and lesbian. Findings from this studies show that although some people may feel attraction from the same sex, they would otherwise choose the opposite (heterosexual) because if fear of publicity and possible implications. This denies them the option of choosing their desired sexual partners. Study on the debate reveals issues of concern depending on development, industrialisation, and economic powers (Chike, 2007). While in countries like Canada, Belgium, and Netherlands the homosexuals easily go about their culture, in developing nations the act of homosexuality is unthinkable. African Christian leaders are the most conservatives in condemning this act; they strict ly follow biblical teachings that condemn the act of same sexual orientation. From this perspective, it is true that economic empowerment has a major role in shaping the way people think and make decisions. This does not give them room to look at the Bible as historic book that offers alternative teachings that require evaluations and considerations in a contextualization perspective, but rather as a book that offers nourishment that needs integration into their traditional way of life to define their every step. It is very difficult to integrate diverse views and attitudes of accepting homosexuality in the community. This stiffens the possibility of smooth swaying of wave and tides for those having attractions for same sexes. Similarly, philosophers in Europe and North America share the same sentiments with African religious leaders. These are mainly those with imprints of Christianity in the African continent. Contrary to this, industrialized countries assess these issues in diffe rent perception; a god number of religious leaders would allow liberal view. Western churches would be comfortable to accommodate lesbians, rapists, and gays in their churches as opposed to what happens in African states. In this study, the author draws attention of some of the underrated predictors that define religious orientations toward homosexuality. Economic empowerment seems to play a significant role in shaping the way forward in accepting this issue (Chike, 2007). Some researchers believe that the same way religions do not offer accomplishments like honorary degrees, issuance of passports, and academic accomplishments, they should not bother about branding some act as illegal and thus should leave the floor open for individual choices. Homosexuality is in fact, among the many issues that religions oppose. Many religions assert that when one sees atheism in the society he or she sees homosexuality in the same magnitude. However, some religions like Christianity in some devel oped nations have rooms for these people. This came to live after several years of protest and stone throwing to make the field free for navigation. As many would have expected that the church took an active role in ordaining active homosexuals, the move is still in darkness owing to conservative views on the same. Largely it faces resistance from lack of policies from the state to provide provisions that enable people of same sexual orientations to enter into a contractual arrangement. This last aspect include issues like nationhood or citizenship, status of immigration, inheritance of insurance policy, and policies that govern visitations to the hospital (Chike, 2007; Sprigg, 2011). Many states are facing resistance from policy makers in these sectors because people of the same sex marriages would be in a better position of enjoying significant returns from these policies if there is a legal protection of their sexual inclination. This faces resistance from the religious leaders w ho on the same issues assert that protection of moral uprightness in the society is the most important aspect that needs protection than individual aspirations intending to bring down the strong mechanisms of social values and norms. Just as religion is dynamic, homosexuality perception goes along this inclination in different views. The main determinant of religion among others is the age. As people grow older, they tend to cling closer to a religion, this must take into account their dynamic perspectives. This is the basis upon which many people keep changing from churches to churches. This is mainly to find places where their faith in accepting other norms does not welcome rude rebuke. Conflicts in the narrowed thinking aspersions cause most people to move in various religions. Most people will, therefore, identify themselves with religions not against a certain sexual orientation. Embracing complex religious identity is the main predictor that embraces the wellbeing in most athe ists. This is contrary to their intent of aligning themselves to a religion; the aftermath of these wrangles is keeping away from such doctrines that tend to deny their rights. Even though all people under the universe will try as much as, they could identify themselves with spirituality in which many would derive resources, sexual orientation would shift this perception into a totally different point of view (Chike, 2007; Sprigg, 2011). Conclusions Some of these findings are consistent with the public opinions mainly because some studies draw their argument from the religious perspective. The evidence emerging stipulates the importance of this research in drawing the attention of progress in the debate. This implies that more is yet to draw the importance of liberating the society in allowing its people to take their different stand in cultural values. The implications of these researches are that people with distinct sexes, different sexual orientations, and gender identities woul d not have a place in the society not until change covers the earth’s face. This protects policy makers in the insurance, medical fraternity who believe that same sexual marriages would make certain individuals to benefit from the facilities and policies while disadvantaging their counterparts in straight marriages. The research needs to find amicable issues of redress in carrying out their research and offers sound solutions to policy makers to champion methods to drafting policies in which everyone would find refuge. References Adamczyk, A., Pitt, C. (2009). Shaping attitudes about homosexuality: The role of religion and cultural context. Social Science Research, 38, 338–351. Besen, Y., Zicklin, G. (2007). Young Men, Religion, and Attitudes towards Homosexuality. Journal of Men, Masculinities and Spirituality, 1(3), 250†266. Chike, C. (2007). Beyond the homosexuality debate. Retrieved from https://www.anglicancommunion.org/ Edgell, P., Gerteis, J., Hartmann, D. (2006). Atheists as â€Å"Other†: Moral Boundaries and Cultural Membership in American Society. American Sociological Review, 71(3), 211–234. Norris, R.A. (2008). Some Notes on the Current Debate Regarding Homosexuality and the Place of Homosexuals in the Church. Anglican Theological Review, 90(3), 437-512. Olson, R.R., Cadge, W., Harrison, J.T. (2006). Religion and public opinion about same-sex marriage. Social Science Quarterly, 87, 340–360. Sprigg , P. (2011). Debating Homosexuality Understanding Two Views. Retrieved from https://downloads.frc.org/EF/EF11J33.pdf Yip, A. (2005). Queering Religious Texts: An Exploration of British Non-heterosexual Christians’ and Muslims’ Strategy of Constructing Sexuality affirming Hermeneutics. Sociology BSA Publications Ltd, 39(1), 47–65.

Fire Department Safety Officer Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Fire Department Safety Officer - Article Example This means that at this stage the Incident Commander is reactive in the delegation of his fire fighter duties (Dodson, 2007, p.56). Therefore if an Incident officer is going to make the much needed difference in the fire scene, the delegation of such safety functions need to be proactive. The concept of proactive ISO response therefore entails the pre-planning of an ISO response to cover the essential details of an efficient ISO system (Dodson, 2007, p.57). A fire department ought to practice this method in order to firstly ensure that it streamlines its efficiency practices. This will be best achieved by creating operational frameworks that aim to reduce the impacts of disasters by prevention rather than those that aim to clean up the messes once they have occurred. A proactive response is better because it helps in the preparedness of the department to cope with emerging challenges. This it does by preparing the incident commanders to have contingency measures in place for any eventual outcome. Further, a reactive delegation of the ISO hinders effective mobilisation of the resources to respond to the situation as it will be mobilisation after the fact. This encounters challenges of inadequate resources as the required resources might be tied up in other activities. Proactive responses however are better adapted to dealing with such emerging challenges as they are designed to anticipate emergencies and thus resources are readily available to deal with

Value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an adventure tourism Essay

Value, satisfaction and behavioural intentions in an adventure tourism context - Essay Example The purpose of this review is to evaluateWilliam and Soutar’s research paper, â€Å"Value, Satisfaction and Behavioural Intentions in an Adventure Tourism Context† published in an Elsevier Journal in 2009, from an utilitarian perspective and therefore to assess their investigations’ contribution to the ongoing research on adventure tourism. Further this review will critically evaluate the validity and eligibility, in particular, of their research. In this regard, especially the literature review, method and analysis sections will be assesses and evaluated critically in search of any anomalies misinterpretations on the researchers’ side that might affect their findings. In their article, Williams and Soutar have investigated into the impacts of the adventure tourists’ value and satisfaction on the consumers’ consumption, decision-making and future intentions for the product of adventure tourism. In William and Soutar’s own words, the st udy is â€Å"an attempt to answer some of these questions and used a recognized services marketing framework to examine the relationships between adventure tourists’ perceptions of value, satisfaction and future intentions† (414). Though William and Soutar’s exploration into the interrelations between the adventure â€Å"tourists’ perceptions of value, satisfaction and future intentions† in both theoretical and practical frameworks from a â€Å"Multidimensional Perspective of Customer Value† perspective is not any novel exploration into the adventure tourism from the consumers’ perspective... The major trend of the scholars’ researches on adventure tourism remains focused on the achievement of the consumers’ attention through quality of service. But the consumers’ value as well as their perception of adventure tourism has remained unexplored. Referring to scholars like Baker and Crompton (2000), Botterill and Crompton (1996), Jayanti and Ghosh (1996) and others, William and Soutar contend that a significant number of studies on the â€Å"intangibility, dynamism and subjectivity† of the tourists’ consumptions as well as on the â€Å"functional, objective and tangible components† of consumerism in a tourist destination have been led by the researchers in the past years, there is a â€Å"lack of understanding about the nature of these experiences or their relationship with marketing constructs, such as service quality, customer value or satisfaction† (415). Being inspired by this research gap, William and Soutar attempt to pro vide his readers with a deeper insight into the behavioural nature of a tourist’s intention and choice for adventure tourism. For this research, William and Soutar mainly depended on the quantitative analysis of the data converted into numeric values. The collected the consumer value, satisfaction and intentions related data from on-spot adventure tourists who traveled â€Å"on four-wheel drive adventure tours to the Pinnacles in Western Australia† (419). They especially put emphasis on the particular functional and objective features, of the adventure tourist spot, such as the spatial and durational length of the tours, geophysical nature of the spot, safety and security, insurance for

Factors Influencing Decisions for Mobile Banking

Factors Influencing Decisions for Mobile Banking 5.1.0 Introduction If financial institutions are to successfully integrate new technology into their service delivery platform, it is essential that they should understand the impact of technology based delivery channels on customer perceptions and behaviour. The industry buzz has driven many financial and non-financial institutions in the Netherlands to take a tactical, just try something and get it up and running quickly approach to mobile banking and payments over the last decade. The research focused on the theoretical framework explored in chapter 3 discussing various constructs that affect users intention to adopt mobile phone banking and payments. The previous chapters have shade light on the major research question of this study which was as follows: what are the factors that could influence the use of mobile phone banking? Various variables such as self-efficacy, perceived cost, perceived risk, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use have been discussed and compared to the data analysis . The Netherlands shows different trends in adoption of mobile banking and payments, the population has all the requisites to implement mobile financial services but there are a number of hurdles that need to be overcome or taken into consideration by any financial institution wanting to setup such a venture. 5.2.0 Model Variables The intention to use mobile banking service is affected by a number of variables as discussed earlier. Speed has indirect influence on intention to use mobile banking. Consumers using mobile banking can perform the simple transactions easily and quickly. The variable speed implies that mobile banking and payment users seek a simple, easier and faster performance. Speed was one of the factors that users put on their wish list as a prerequisite for uptake of mobile banking. With advance of the 3G and 4G networks on newer mobile phone models makes speed a reality. Most users preferred to use SMS as it provides a speedier service. From the data analysis the respondents are not especially concerned with the number of functions provided by a mobile banking and payment functions. The above reason could be that simple functions may be enough for users to meet their mobile banking needs. Most banks in the Netherlands such as Rabobank, ING and ABN AMRO offer basic forms of mobile banking which range from simple transactions to complex tasks. Mobility access is an important feature of mobile banking and payment. This helps overcome time and space limitations of banking. It was obvious that respondents agreed with the importance of mobility access to mobile banking and payment. Perceived usefulness is another important variable that affect mobile banking and payments. There are very many alternatives /competitors to mobile banking in the Netherlands for users to choose from. Most users are reluctant to change their banking methods in the Dutch as they see no perceived usefulness in the mobile banking services provided by the financial institutions. One of the respondents views were as follows: Im choosing the bank which is safe and offer more attractive %. And I dont care about additional services, which are the plus, but not complementary. [sic] Perceived cost also has an impact on users intention to adopt mobile banking in the Netherlands. Mobile banking cannot compete in terms of lower costs. Consumers keeping funds in cash or in a pre-charged card e.g. Chipknip find it cheaper as compared to mobile banking. Most banks provide this service free for specific services. There is also the common end-user perception that many mobile payment solutions are fraught with insecurities. The above table 7 shows variables with negative effect on the adoption of mobile banking and payments in the Netherlands. Perceived cost, credibility, usefulness and risk were found to contribute to slow adoption of mobile banking and payments in the Netherlands. Other factors which come beyond the scope of this study will be discussed in the following sections. 5.3.0 General Issues relating to Mobile Banking and Payment adoption From the data analysis it can conclusively be deduced that mobile banking and payments in the Netherlands can only succeed when they extend the technology and behaviour consumers have already adopted and when their costs are in line with their benefits. The researcher asked the respondents who have mobile phones but dont use mobile banking and payment. The main reasons are as follows: They see no value. There are a number of alternative self-service channels like online banking, ATMs, cards (debit, credit, Chipknip) that allow consumers do most of their banking tasks by themselves already, it is not clear to many of them what additional benefits the mobile channel offers. This can be seen from the comments of one of the respondent as follows: Im choosing the bank which is safe and offer more attractive %. And I dont care about additional services, which are the plus, but not complementary. [sic] They do not know about it. When asked whether the respondents bank offered mobile banking, 26% said they do not know whether their bank even offers mobile banking services, or that they do not know enough about it. The researcher can conclude that retail banks mobile banking and payment marketing efforts in the Netherlands have been less effective. They dont think it is safe. 51% of the respondents agree that mobile banking and payments is risky. Risk could have a considerable effect on the adoption of mobile banking and payment. Most of the respondents still consider the plastic cards as the convenient method of settling their bills as they have never encountered any problems with them. Since there is low awareness and the fact that mobile banking is still in its early stage acceptance among the consumers has been very low. They think it is expensive. Confusion about the cost of mobile banking and payment is also another hurdle affecting its adoption. Each provider of mobile financial services comes up with their own cost structure. The researcher believes most consumers are not clear about what their bank will charge them or other financial institutions. It could be argued that price has certainly been an obstacle for mobile financial services to become a mass market application in The Netherlands. The reason given is that because it is quite expensive compared to other banking and payment methods, currently it is not adding any value for the customer. Users are young: according to the respondents, mobile banking adoption is highest among ages 21-35 year olds; these are young consumers, using their phones more for texting than talking. They are referred to as general Y. Many of them mobile banking is becoming a key criterion for where they choose to bank. Most of them said they conceived to switch banks if their bank does not offer mobile banking services. This generation Y is often described as the Mobile Generation because of their obsession with all things mobile and digital, and they are likely to embrace mobile banking and payment in large and ever growing numbers. It can be deduced from the data analysis that younger generations are now beginning to use banking services and traditional banking rules and behaviour may no longer apply. Cash, the first mover advantage: although the Netherlands has the highest debit card penetration in Europe, cash is still the preferred payment method of choice for almost all low-value transactions. There has been a push for more debit card transaction leading to the decrease in cash transactions. Various electronic purse initiatives have been pursued leading to one standard electronic chip-based purse called Chipknip. Its usage however is relegated to specific use cases e.g. parking machines, coffee machines and has not had a wide uptake in traditional retail environments, where it was intended to decrease the number of cash transactions for smaller ticket items. 5.3.1 Create awareness of useful applications among young consumers Mobile banking and payment still faces considerable hurdles in Europe, including consumers diverse mix of handsets and low adoption of mobile Internet services in general. But many financial institutions are shooting themselves in the foot by developing costly mobile banking services, only to launch them without a clear strategy, and then failing to promote them adequately. Remarkably, only a few banks like Rabobank, ING, ABN AMRO even mention mobile banking on their retail banking home pages. Banks and other financial institutions who want to encourage wider mobile banking adoption need to do the following: Firstly, broaden awareness Potential mobile banking users are confused about the benefits, the offer, the cost, the security, and the technology. More marketing needs to be emphasized before and after launching of these new innovations. One way which is easy and inexpensive vehicle for this is the financial institutions own Web site and within the online banking application. They should lay out relevant usage scenarios and use rich media like online video to educate potential users about scenarios where mobile banking and payment adds value. This could be very relevant in enabling the users be well informed about the new offerings and objectively weigh the perceived value over other channels. Secondly, targeted at the young technology-savvy online bankers The study has clearly shown that the mobile banking and payment is most popular among the young generation. As already indicated, most of them said they conceived to switch banks if their bank does not offer mobile banking services. This generation Y is often described as the Mobile Generation because of their obsession with all things mobile and digital, and they are likely to embrace mobile banking and payment in large and ever growing numbers. The typical early adopters according to this research are young males with above-average incomes who use the Internet daily. European banks and other financial institutions should think along these lines. Thirdly, focusing on simple applications with timely and location-relevant benefits What applications should banks and other financial institutions stress? Forrester research (2009), has long argued that to create compelling value for customers, companies should deliver mobile content that is timely, location-aware, and actionable. The first mobile banking services people in the Netherlands have adopted are simple and timely mobile services like balance checks and SMS alerts. It is important that mobile financial providers focus on simple transactions such as SMS about ATM locations, ticketing, parking, vending machines, customized video application (pay per view) among others. 5.4.0 Conclusion As discussed in Chapter 2, the literature review, the Netherlands are a typical giro country that heavily relies on the use of credit transfers and direct debits in retail banking and payments. It can also be reiterated that existing banking and payment methods (e.g., cash, cards) already meets consumer needs. In order to persuade consumers to change their behaviours the offerings will need to have some essential benefits over currently available alternatives: more convenient, cheaper, quick, secure and efficient. In Europe and specifically the Netherlands, there is a strong interest by key stakeholders in making mobile banking and payment successful. Exploring the factors influencing the use and adoption of mobile banking and payments is quite important for the key stakeholders who might need to improve and validate their services in order to satisfy more customers and eventually make profits. The research adopted TAM in the Netherlands context to investigate the research questions and achieve the objectives. It can be concluded that the research constructs of perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, perceived risk, convenience, speed, cost and self-efficacy were successfully used to explain the variance in the intention to use mobile banking and payments in the Netherlands. In order to attract mass market banks and service providers should improve the quality of these services. To take advantage of consumer willingness to use new mobile banking and payment mechanisms, the banks and financial institutions of devices enabled for mobile payment at the physical POS must be able to support mobile transactions that are convenient and easy to use to compete with plastic cards. The Dutch consumers are aware that they have alternatives and they are also more sensitive to security and privacy issues. Mobile banking and payment scenarios can enhance security and privacy. However , if consumers perceive that mobile banking and payment potentially involves loss of privacy, they will not accept it. 5.5.0 Recommendations The study has revealed that there is no compelling value attached to mobile banking and payments in the Netherlands to warrant mass market adoption. Amid the excitement and hype surrounding mobile financial services in the Netherlands, the question remains as to how these offerings will achieve mass market, especially in light of the fact that most of the Dutch find their current banking and payment options quite satisfactory. A number of factors have been pointed out from data analysis that hinder mass market adoption of mobile baking and payments in the Netherlands such as cost, low perceived value, density of banks, security and privacy issues, credibility, lack of cooperation among the stakeholders and the general Dutch banking and payment culture. Most of the Dutch are currently comfortable with their current offerings. In order to persuade customers to change their behaviour in the Netherlands which is always a difficult proposition and embrace mobile banking and payments, the offerings will need to have some essential benefits over the currently available alternatives. There are a number of new niches that financial providers should consider and which are experiencing positive response such as ticketing, vending machines, transport, loyalty programs, coupons, and ringtones among others. There is a huge potential in the Netherlands which has not been tapped, there are all ingredients for successful deployment of mobile banking and payment such as high penetration of mobile phones, high literacy levels, good infrastructure and high speed Internet connectivity all when combined with positive consumer attitude can easily turn a mobile financial service into a mass market. In order to determine whether a new offering represents a market opportunity, financial institutions should consider projected ma rket size, the maturity and complexity of the offering, and the number of stakeholder relationships that the institutions will be required to manage, this has always been one of the hurdles in successful implementation of mobile financial services. Mobile banking and payment, as has been demonstrated in this study, has gained non-negligible relevance for banks and other financial institutions today. For example, developments in the banking sector, e.g. increased competition on account of technological developments coupled with the process of globalisation have produced new challenges for banks. Mobile Banking therefore, presents an opportunity for banks to retain their existing, technology-savvy customer base by offering value-added and innovative services which might even help attracting new customers. 5.6.0 Research Limitations This study was conducted to find the factors influencing intentions to adopt mobile banking services in the Netherlands. As such, there is still room for further investigation into the adoption of mobile banking services especially focusing on other aspects apart from the consumers. There are some limitations associated with this study. The main focus of the research model cannot conclusively explain whether there is a market for mobile banking and payments in the Netherlands. The variables self-efficacy, perceived cost, perceived risk, perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use only focuses on the consumer but in reality there are many stakeholders in the market who also need to be investigated such as the government regulations, interoperability, competition, infrastructure and technology among other factors. Another limitation could be the type of respondents utilized in the research. In as much as the study utilized questionnaire, most of the respondents were from Maastricht which might not be a representative of the mobile banking and payments consumer population in the whole Netherlands. The researcher had limited time and resources to explore the general Netherlands population. It can also be stated that the researcher was also biased to the student community in Maastricht as they were more likely to use and adopt mobile banking and payment. The participants were randomly selected which helped reduce bias towards the research outcome thereby increasing the credibility of the feedback. 5.7.0 Future Research It will be interesting to investigate the kind of result similar studies would produce in other Western European nations in modelling users attitude towards mobile banking and payments. Since the introduction of the European Union and Euro currency it could be interesting to investigate what factors could be hindering the uptake of mobile banking and payment in other Euro member countries. Mobility and one currency could be a key reason to undertake similar studies in the European Union for mass market adoption. A further study could also be carried out to investigate the role of other stakeholders such as merchants, government, banks and mobile operators among others in influencing the adoption of mobile banking services among the consumers. The role of government is considered as one of the most important contributing factors to the slow uptake of mobile financial services. Further research is required here. Since Mobile banking and payment is still relatively new in the Netherlands, more research needs to be carried out to measure the actual adoption rate of mobile banking and payments. Consumer behaviours and technology are not static; they keep on evolving hence more research need to be carried out to establish the adoption trends over time which can be used to predict the future that will be useful especially for potential investors.

Globalization and its impact on the Public Sector Essay

INTRODUCTION Globalization can be seen as a new phase of internationalization of forcing companies and countries reciprocally depend on degrees in the past. Here you can have globalization as the third phase of the internationalization of markets, the first of these phases properly called internationalization, ranging from late nineteenth century to the First World War, in which no economic sovereignty and international exchange – and the second phase of Globalization, which runs from the end of World War II until about seventy years, time in which multinational companies begin to operate on a truly global basis (Peter, 2006). With the globalization of the modern world, businesses and government entities are forced to confront their results beyond its borders, in the fields of production quality and public administration, being necessary to rethink traditional management schemes within organizations. High competition forces that improve the quality of products and services and modernize the processes required must necessarily create a culture of modernity and innovation, on the staff of the entities in the public and private sector. The goal of globalization is no longer penetration neighboring market, but world trade, and standardizing it is the best instrument to achieve new trade realities. Thus, this brings to light what is public administration, since it is closely linked to what is trade and market. _DISCUSSION_ Administrators agree perceive the organizational environment as uncertain and turbulent of increasing complexity, and draw attention to the shape or style of thinking required to address more effectively the change phenomena. At present, the intensity and speed of global changes in the economic and social environment determines the need to know in advance the direction you point these changes and megatrends. The major changes are slow to form and once installed, its influence is felt for a long time in individuals and organizations. In terms of some management specialists, the adaptability of the organization and therefore their ability to survive depends on its ability to learn and act upon the changeable environmental conditions. In understanding the phenomena that affect the public-private sphere, the State-Society is the major element in understanding the context in which hatch and informational processes and flows of the social world are developed. The State in its historic role as sociopolitical computer centralizer actions and decisions of socio-economic and cultural development of a country, is characterized by being constituted by institutional relevance actors: political parties and groups, trade unions, universities, media communication, among others, all active and engaged in the debate of major national issues participants. In this context, information channels are open and thus in the debate and discussion agendas are present from major structural changes to the discussion of basic problems of society, creating an interaction between all actors identified (Peters, 2001). From the change in the political system two elements characterize the new process: the role of the state comes into question, and the discussion focuses on the redefinition of it. Moreover, the market emerges as a new player with that also produces a redefinition of public-private relationships. The private sector breaks into many fields hitherto proprietary state action, the most notorious health, education and social security, resulting in double circuits of information: public and private. Radical changes in the early affect state-society relations are produced.  The state is directing its own administrative decentralization process and starts a new institutional framework. All these situations create new information flows in new directions and to new target groups. Centralized information becomes part of the State surpassed role. The legitimacy of the information is questionable and of course the reliability of it is also debatable. However, the changes that occur within the state and therefore in society begin to produce positive impacts on productivity levels, service efficiency, technological upgrade that streamlines the bureaucratic processes and a series of other events in the reformulation of the role of the state is designated as a profound reshaping of the state apparatus and at the same time, a substantial improvement of the State, as being able to regulate the production and processing of lead in achieving social equity. _Changes in Management Due to Globalization_ Within this perspective comes hard on the concept of intelligence, applied to the social field in general as well as to a particular organization. Concept defined as the ability to understand and even anticipate the behavior of the various environmental factors that affect or influence negatively or positively the development of a program or project. This advance knowledge is a prerequisite for organizing and planning the activities of organizations and individuals, in order to anticipate, minimize or neutralize impact or influence of changes in the internal activities of the organization and its relations with the surrounding frame of reference . Some organizations have the ability to adapt quickly to change, naturally occurring in the joints between the various work areas. It allows them to survive in the turbulent environment, among other conditions, your creativity or ability to conceive and imagine alternatives and new solutions beyond the traditional frames or thought patterns (Farazmand, 2012). The organization ceases to be regarded as a mechanism and tends to be conceived as a living organism, endowed with intelligence. In this context we can speak of a corporate intelligence internally structure the organizations and allows them to react to changes in their environment also based on the use of information. Such organizations, also known as the third type–enterprises, the authors G. Archier and H Serieyx have the following characteristics: Be constantly alert to events in the environment. Have organizational structures and rules that ensure flexibility and speed of adaptation. Individuals and groups articulate the organization and contribute to their full potential. Each member of the organization is constantly exposed to market pressures and customer expectations. The organization’s projects are conceived, shared and accepted by all members of the organization. The work structures are focused on problems without choking the hierarchy. The organization ensures each official smart, useful, challenging work, also investing in the continuing education of staff. _Productive Transformation Process_ The marked acceleration of scientific and technological change brings many challenges in the economic field, the need for flexibility from the production system to make competitive adjustments, to expand trade by way of differentiation. Each country must seek to create in the international market its own space on the basis of new technologies (Farazmand, 2004). In the field of production of goods and services, the world is in one of the greatest moments of innovation and change, based on the knowledge-defined as the most expensive of the products of the modern era. Knowledge management supported by advances in information, computing and communications, offers possibilities of radical change, creating opportunities for new technologies, competitiveness, new markets. In the public sector, production processes undergo changes to adapt to the new demands generated by the private sector in those areas in which the State assumed key roles in development. The scope, variety and extent of the changes, which are generated in the information sector, the new organizational paradigms, should trigger an intensive process of studies and research in the area, so as to make the necessary adjustments in the production processes of information current and / or, when necessary, to design new components in these processes (James Van, 2004). Oriented training human resources policy focuses on the essential aspects of productive transformation: growth and equity. The training of human resources in this context should also increase productivity, support worker flexibility to adapt to the changing needs of the productive sector. Technology policy should aim at strengthening the productive transformation policies and strengthen national and regional innovation system. Must be well integrated with the industrial, agricultural, educational and trade policy. You can achieve your goals if a suitable economic and social environment, since the innovation process has a systemic character and requires several interrelated elements. The strategic dialogue, as proposed by ECLAC, comprises a set of explicit and implicit reaching agreements between the state and the main political and social actors around the productive transformation with equity, and also about the consequences policy and institutional innovations needed to achieve it. The economic transformation strategy posed ECLAC is conceived as part of the conditions of the international economy in the outer and maintaining macroeconomic stability, development financing, maintaining  social cohesion and consolidation of democratic processes within (Gareth, 1988). _Transforming the Work Environment_ Associated with global changes in the organizational structures should be considered external factors: economic, social, political, technological and other as competition, labor market, etc. Such administrative language in examining the opportunities and threats presented by the environment to the organization and its members, comprising also analyze the implications that the forces of change are internal work processes in the organization. The work environment is undergoing major changes due to the impact of external factors among other aspects of the new objectives that organizations are posed by the internationalization of the same, the transition from production companies to utilities, the need for human resources in technologies, by increasing interrelationships of public and private sector, etc. It is argued that the technological revolution affects the levels of employment, working conditions and social organization and the application of computer science, robotics and other automation involving a small group of overspecialized workers and a large number of unqualified workers. However, the forces of change can also arise within the organization or individuals that compose themselves. The work environment of the organization is under pressure from those who want change and those who oppose tenaciously (Robert, 2009). The organization must adapt or fundamentally change strategies and plans created for different situations and contexts. In this scenario, the training of human resources is a must for the new management style component. Learning new technologies and developing new skills conducive to the efficient performance of individuals can not be absent from any policy to improve the work environment. While it is not the intent of this document describe enter multiple situations affecting the organizational structure and respective management approaches in solving  problems, mainstreaming workplace transformation aims to support the understanding of the issues new organizational forms, examining the competitive environment, adaptation to the new, the educational needs of human resources and the occurrence of the information sector in all strategies of the organization. _CONCLUSION_ Globalisation has catalysed the need to accelerate public sector reforms in developing countries and the need to set up correctly-working institutions. The time is ripe for reform. The challenge will be to adapt the model to different social, economic, political, legal and cultural contexts. 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